Improvement of hydrophilic properties of electrospun polyamide-imide fibrous mats by atmospheric-pressure plasma treatment

Polyamide-imide (PAI) fibrous mats were fabricated through electrospinning and further treated with atmospheric-pressure plasma. The surface characteristics of the PAI fibrous mats were examined to determine the effect of plasma treatment on the hydrophilic properties. FT-IR, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and contact-angle analysis indicated that the hydrophilicity of the PAI fibrous mats increased upon the introduction of hydrophilic groups by plasma treatment. The concentration of functional groups, including oxygen, and the surface roughness of the PAI fibrous mats increased with increasing treatment time. The optimum plasma treatment time for surface modification of the PAI fibrous mats under atmospheric pressure was 120 s.     

Preparation and characterization of “green” hybrid clay-dye nanopigments

We obtained a low cost and abundant nanopigment material composed of Rhodamine B (Rh-B) organic dye compound and Unye bentonite (UB) clay from Turkey. The characterization of the nanopigment was investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), particle size distribution, powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), Fourier transformed infra-red spectroscopy (FT-IR) and thermal analysis techniques. According to the result of texture analyses, we showed that the particle size distribution (d: 0.5-mean distribution) of Rh-B/UB nanopigment material was around 100 nm diameter. It was also demonstrated that the samples had a particle size around nm diameter in SEM images. As seen in the PXRD and thermal analysis, there is a difference in basal spacing by 1.46° (2θ) and a higher mass loss by 7.80% in the temperature range 200–500 °C compared to the raw bentonite.     

立方相Ag_3PO_4(111)面原子几何及弛豫结构的第一性原理计算

采用平面波超软赝势方法研究了立方相Ag_3PO_4(111)面的表面能和表面原子弛豫结构.首先对Ag_3PO_4(111)面的八种不同原子终止结构的体系总能量进行计算,结果表明B种表面模型被证实为最稳定的(111)面原子几何结构.针对该表面结构,探讨了表面能和原子弛豫与模型中原子层数和真空厚度的关系,当原子层数为24层,真空厚度为0.6 nm时,表面能收敛于1.41 J/m2(LDA-CAPZ)和1.39 J/m2(GGA-PBE).表面原子弛豫后,表面两个三配位的Ag原子均向里移动,超过0.06 nm,而表面次层的O原子则均向外移动约0.0042 nm,导致弛豫后暴露在最表面的是O原子,同时表面原子的核外电子向表面内部发生转移,结构趋于稳定.这些结果为进一步深入研究Ag_3PO_4表面的光催化活性起源提供理论支持.     

Electron-induced Ti-rich surface segregation on SrTiO3 nanoparticles

Atomic surface structures of nanoparticles are of interest in catalysis and other fields. Aberration-corrected HREM facilitates direct imaging of the surfaces of nanoparticles. A remaining concern of surface imaging arises from beam damage. It is important to identify the intrinsic surface structures and the ones created by electron beam irradiation in TEM. In this study, we performed aberration-corrected HREM and EELS to demonstrate that TiO and bcc type Ti islands form due to intense electron irradiation. The formation of Ti-rich islands is in agreement with previous high temperature annealing experiments on the surfaces of SrTiO₃ single crystals.     

Three dimensional accurate morphology measurements of polystyrene standard particles on silicon substrate by electron tomography

Polystyrene latex (PSL) nanoparticle (NP) sample is one of the most widely used standard materials. It is used for calibration of particle counters and particle size measurement tools. It has been reported that the measured NP sizes by various methods, such as Differential Mobility Analysis, dynamic light scattering (DLS), optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM), differ from each other. Deformation of PSL NPs on mica substrate has been reported in AFM measurements: the lateral width of PSL NPs is smaller than their vertical height. To provide a reliable calibration standard, the deformation must be measured by a method that can reliably visualize the entire three dimensional (3D) shape of the PSL NPs. Here we present a method for detailed measurement of PSL NP 3D shape by means of electron tomography in a transmission electron microscope. The observed shape of the PSL NPs with 100 nm and 50 nm diameter were not spherical, but squished in direction perpendicular to the support substrate by about 7.4% and 12.1%, respectively. The high difference in surface energy of the PSL NPs and that of substrate together with their low Young modulus appear to explain the squishing of the NPs without presence of water film.     

Surface arcing of insulators due to bentonite contamination

Impulse, alternating and direct voltage tests together with optical observations have been done under clean and polluted surface conditions with respect to bentonite, which is treated as a pollutant. The insulator materials tested were polymethyl methacrylate and polythene. Bentonite pollution may affect several surface flashover characteristics such as voltage at breakdown and 50% breakdown voltage under negative lightning impulse (1.2/50 μs) and the time to breakdown under wet condition for both negative and positive impulse voltage. There are four types of paths taken by the discharge channels, based on which the degree of degradation of the material surface may vary.     

Surface charge dynamics studied by the temporal evolution of the corona charging current

The decay of surface charges deposited on the dielectric material by the partial discharge (PD) activity has a great impact on the repetition of partial discharges. In this work, the effect of dielectric placed on the surface of ground electrode in a needle-plane configuration on the discharge activity was investigated, with the application of a periodic negative step voltage. The charge decay mechanisms on a corona charged dielectric surface were investigated based on a comparison between experiments and a FEM-based numerical model. The comparison indicates that the surface charges may decay due to different mechanisms depending on the applied stress.     

Research on Quantitative Analytical Model for Determination of Phosmet by Using Surface Enhanced Raman SpectroscopySCIEI北大核心CSCD

Raman spectroscopy combined with surface enhanced technology was adopted for analysis of phosmet pesticide. Continuous wavelet transforms (CWT) and successive projections algorithm (SPA) were used for Raman spectral preprocess and characteristic Raman shifts selection, respectively. Multi-linear regression (MLR) was used for spectral modeling. It is shown that enhanced chips can achieve enhanced Raman spectral signal for low concentration of pesticides. CWT can improve spectral resolution and smoothness, and remove translation error. Characteristic Raman shifts selection method of SPA can improve analytical precision, and simplify modeling variables of MLR CWT-SPA-MLR model can improve correlation coefficient (r) of prediction from 0. 823 to 0. 903, and reduce root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP) from 1. 640 to 1. 122. CWT-SPA-MLR method can be used for constructing analytical models for Raman spectra and has good interpretability and repeatability.     

Singular perturbation analysis of dynamic fields in a thermoelastic solid with a small surface-breaking crack

An asymptotic analysis is presented for a dynamic problem of a semi-infinite isotropic thermoelastic solid with a small surface breaking crack. The exterior surface of the solid is subjected to a series of short thermal pulses. The crack surface is traction free and an ideal thermal contact is assumed across the crack. The stress intensity factor is asymptotically evaluated as a function of the crack depth and time. The effect of a boundary layer associated with the diffusive term is identified. The theoretical model is supplied with numerical simulations.     

Onset of Surface Damage in Modular Orthopedic Implants: Influence of Normal Contact Loading and Stress-assisted Dissolution

Surface damage at interfaces of modular implants results from repeated fretting contacts between metallic surfaces in a corrosive environment. As a first step in understanding this complex process, multi-asperity contact experiments were conducted to characterize roughness evolution due to action of contact loads and exposure to a reactive environment. Cobalt–chromium specimens with surface roughness similar to modular implant were first subjected to only contact loading and subsequently, to alternating contact loads and exposure to reactive environment. During repeated normal contact loading, amplitude of surface roughness reached a steady value after decreasing during the first few cycles. However during the second phase surface roughness amplitude continuously evolved—decreasing during contact loading and increasing on exposure to corrosive environment. The increase in roughness amplitude during surface reaction depended on the magnitude of applied contact loads. A damage mechanism that incorporates contact-induced residual stress development and stress-assisted dissolution is proposed to elucidate the measured surface roughness evolution.